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Bipolar Disorder: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

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Many types of mental health and mental disorders are there. One such disorder is known as bipolar disorder, and you may have heard about it without knowing what it exactly is. About 2.8% of adults in the United States suffer from this mental health disorder, according to the NCS-R (National Comorbidity Survey Replication).

  • Bipolar disorder often coexists with other mental health conditions like anxiety disorders or ADHD.
  • Creative individuals and artists are statistically more likely to have bipolar disorder.
  • Episodes of mania can sometimes be triggered by lack of sleep or jet lag.
  • Some people with bipolar disorder may experience seasonal mood changes tied to sunlight exposure.
  • Early onset of bipolar disorder can occur in children, though it is often misdiagnosed.
  • Lithium, one of the oldest mood stabilizers, remains highly effective for bipolar disorder treatment.

Continue reading to learn about this disease, its treatment, signs, and symptoms.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, or manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes mood swings regularly. Some days, the moods are high, known as hypomania or mania, whereas there are days of low moods, known as depression. 

The issue arises when both spirits get mixed up, and a person may feel depressed and happy at the same time.

Now, it’s tricky to diagnose bipolar disorder, but if you know the symptoms and signs that come along with this illness, then it won’t be difficult for you. 

There are different bipolar disorder, and each has its characteristics and symptoms, so continue reading and learning all about them.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

When classifying bipolar disorder, this mental illness has many branches of diseases connected to it, such as hypomania, depression, and mania. However, it has three main types, which include bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.

Bipolar I

This is when you have had at least one manic mood swing, followed by a hypomanic or depressive episode with shifts in your behavior or mood. Also, for your condition to be bipolar I, your episode must at least last a week or get so intense that you need to go to the hospital.

Bipolar II

This is when you have had one depressive mood swing followed by a hypomanic episode but haven’t had a manic episode yet. With bipolar II, depressive symptoms dominate, whereas manic symptoms are adequate but not very strong.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Cyclothymic disorder is another type of bipolar disorder and is related to changes in your mood. However, unlike bipolar I and II, the cyclothymic disorder is less dramatic, and its symptoms can last for around a year in teens and over two years in adults.

Others

These include disorders related to bipolar but induced by other factors such as alcohol, drugs, or even specific medical conditions. Other diseases also refer to symptoms of bipolar disorder that a person may undergo that don’t match any of the categories mentioned earlier.

Signs of Bipolar Disorder

When it comes to bipolar disorder symptoms and signs, it can be divided into two categories: signs of depression and mania. Since bipolar disorder comprises these two extreme moods, focusing on the signs separately helps you identify the disorder early on. 

So read on below and learn all about the signs of bipolar illness.

Signs of depression

    1. Feeling hopeless and sad.
    2. Losing interest in your favorite hobbies and activities
    3. Detaching yourself from friends and family
    4. Decrease in the way you usually speak
    5. Going through insomnia at night or sleeping too much
    6. Reducing your appetite
    7. Losing energy and feeling extreme fatigue
    8. Unable to decide or concentrate
    9. Your body gets lazy and slow, and you cannot accomplish simple tasks
    10. Dealing with memory loss
    11. Constant suicidal thoughts

    An extreme case of depression involves delusions and hallucinations, called psychosis. Someone with depressive psychosis may feel like they have committed a big crime and may even hear, smell, or see things that may not exist.

Signs of Mania

  1. Overly happy or feeling high for a long time
  2. Talking incredibly fast while changing the topics rapidly
  3. Decrease in appetite
  4. Feeling impulsive or restless.
  5. Getting distracted easily
  6. Feeling as if you are very important
  7. Making risky decisions, such as gambling away your money
  8. Not having a proper amount of sleep

During mania, people may feel they are essential, have VIP connections, or even have special powers. This is known as delusions of grandeur. 

Signs for Both

If someone goes through a mixed episode of this disorder, they may feel both mania and depression simultaneously. Some common signs of this issue include depression along with agitation, racing thoughts, easy irritability, insomnia, anxiety, and easy distractibility. 

The mixture of high and low energy increases the chances of suicide and can be dangerous if not treated on time.

Is Bipolar Disorder Curable?

Yes, bipolar disorder is treatable, but it requires ongoing care since it is a long-term condition. However, bipolar disorder can be challenging to treat if you have over four mood swings per year and any other form of illness. 

But its difficulty in treating does not make it impossible; with reasonable care, therapy, medication, changes in your lifestyle, and a robust support system, you can deal with this disorder quickly.

Medication

Medication is the primary treatment for bipolar disorder, and care, therapy, and lifestyle changes follow it. Depending on how severe your illness is, your doctor will prescribe medication. Some common types of medication prescribed for this illness include:

  • Antidepressants
  • Mood stabilizers
  • Sleep medication 
  • Anti-anxiety medication
  • Antipsychotic medicines
  • Antipsychotic-antidepressant medication 

Finding the perfect combination of medicine for you can take some time, but once your doctor determines what is most effective, your bipolar disorder will start being treated. However, ensure that you share your medical history with your doctor and any family history. 

This will help the physician decide which medications are safe for you and which are not. Also, pregnant or breastfeeding women must talk with their physician about the medicines that are safe to consume in their state.

Bipolar Disorder Therapy

Talk therapy is another treatment option for bipolar illness, and it includes many options for you. You can deal with this illness while opting for the therapy method that you are most comfortable with; these methods include:

  1. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) allows you to think of positive alternatives to bad habits. It helps manage stress and keeps any other negative triggers at bay.
  2. IPSRT: This therapy relies on creating a daily and healthy lifestyle so that you can keep your mood in stable condition.
  3. Family-focused therapy is another form of therapy, and this is the most common one. Many people dislike going to the therapist alone, so with the help of your family members, you can create a support system and work on your disorder.
  4. Psychoeducational therapy focuses on teaching your family members more about the disorder and how to handle it during an episode.

 

Lifestyle Changes

If you want to help someone struggling with bipolar disorder, allowing them to alter their lifestyle is the way to go. Lifestyle changes such as:

  • Regular exercise enables you to remain active
  • A healthy schedule for sleeping and eating
  • Getting complete support from your friends and family
  • Learn tips to keep your stress under control
  • Recognizing your mood swings and dealing with them in the proper manner
  • Avoid using cigarettes and alcohol
  • Opting for healthy and fun sports activities

Takeaway

Many people who have bipolar disorder become suicidal over time, and this can be very dangerous for them and heartbreaking for the surrounding people. For this reason, be aware of the signs of bipolar disorder so that you can help the struggling person. 

This also allows you to provide them with the right help and treatment early on so that they can redeem themselves.

Bipolar Disorder: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

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