While management of diabetes is a key to controlling your blood sugar, the kind of diabetes determines the strategy for control. You’ve known some of them since you were a little child. If the illness is not controlled consistently and with great care, having high blood sugar levels caused by diabetes raises the chance of significant complications such as stroke and heart disease.

Since there is no cure for diabetes, management of diabetes requires a lifelong commitment to blood sugar control – on-again and off-again efforts are not effective. The self-care requirements of diabetes can be psychologically difficult to adjust to. Therefore, resisting the need to follow a regular, day-in and day-out care plan is a common reaction. 

Let’s start with some goals to set for the management of diabetes:

• Low-GI foods raise blood sugar more slowly than high-GI foods.
• Poor sleep quality can worsen blood sugar control.
• A diverse gut microbiome may enhance glucose metabolism.
• Diabetes increases the risk of gum disease and oral health issues.
• Chronic stress raises blood sugar levels by increasing cortisol.
• The risk of Type 2 diabetes rises with age due to insulin sensitivity changes.
• Soluble fiber helps lower blood sugar by slowing sugar absorption.
•  Aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity, while resistance training boosts muscle mass.
• Continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps aid in real-time blood sugar management.
• Small, balanced meals throughout the day help maintain stable blood sugar levels

You should maintain blood sugar levels from various tests while treating diabetes.

The blood sugar level is evaluated after 10-12 hours without eating.

The sugar levels in the blood are measured two hours after a meal. During this portion of the test, the participant is given food, and then two hours later, a blood sample is taken and analyzed for blood glucose levels.

The haemoglobin A1C test provides information on your typical blood glucose levels during the last two or three months.

If you have diabetes, getting your cholesterol checked once a year is strongly recommended. Determining cholesterol levels in blood requires a sample using a syringe from a vein located on the inside aspect of your elbow. Labs may determine the quantity of total cholesterol in a person’s blood by measuring their serum cholesterol level.

Diabetes is linked to measurable shifts in the total quantity of lipids circulating in the blood, most notably a rise in triglycerides, an elevation in LDL, and a fall in HDL. HDL’s structure and function are subject to major alterations due to diabetes, just as is the case with other lipoproteins.

Diabetes is not brought on by having high triglycerides. However, their levels suggest that your body’s metabolic process for converting food into energy isn’t operating as it should be.

The fructosamine test is one method that doctors may use to approximate the quantity of glucose in the blood of diabetic patients. If you have diabetes, your physician may decide to perform a fructosamine test to see how well your glucose levels have been controlled over the last several weeks. In addition, it may help them better understand how effectively You’ve been doing with your diabetes management.

It denotes how ideal our body weight (body composition) is. An individual’s body mass index (BMI) is calculated by taking their weight in kilograms and dividing it by the square of their height in meters.

First introduced in 1957, these drugs are still very much in use. They act on the pancreas and stimulate it to produce more insulin. This insulin increases the use of glucose in the cells of the body, thus lowering the blood level of glucose. 

These drugs are also very commonly used by physicians and dialectologists, in combination with the above group or alone. They suppress the liver’s natural ability to manufacture glucose. They also increase the use of glucose in cells other than the liver. Unlike sulphonylureas, they do not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.

These drugs are called ‘insulin sensitizers’ and work by modifying the site on the cells through which insulin acts. These sites are called ‘insulin receptors. To understand these drugs’ mechanism of action, let us first understand the ‘insulin receptors.’

Insulin travels, through blood, to each cell of the body. Insulin allows the entry of glucose inside every cell so the glucose can be broken and give energy to the cells for their survival. For this, insulin has to bind to a particular site/area on the cell (called the insulin receptors), and these sites then allow the glucose to enter. 

Unfortunately, people with diabetes either have a decrease in the number of these sites or these sites become insensitive. As a result, it renders the insulin ineffective and leads to the accumulation of insulin with no effects on the cells. 

Drugs in this group are Meglitinide, Repaglinide, Nateglinide.

This group releases insulin from the pancreas in response to a meal. After a meal, the blood sugar levels rise in the blood. In any normal individual, this leads to insulin release, but this response is inefficient in people with diabetes. 

These drugs help release insulin efficiently from the pancreas, but they differ from sulphonylureas in how they attach to and make the pancreas release insulin.

Insulin travels, through blood, to each cell of the body. Insulin allows the entry of glucose inside every cell so the glucose can be broken and give energy to the cells for their survival. For this, insulin has to bind to a particular site/area on the cell (called the insulin receptors), and these sites then allow the glucose to enter. 

Unfortunately, people with diabetes either have a decrease in the number of these sites or these sites become insensitive. As a result, it renders the insulin ineffective and leads to the accumulation of insulin with no effects on the cells. 

These are the latest generation (3rd) sulphonylureas with more effective working methods. Thus they have been grouped separately. They have been introduced recently in the market.

This group releases insulin from the pancreas in response to a meal. After a meal, the blood sugar levels rise in the blood. In any normal individual, this leads to insulin release, but this response is inefficient in people with diabetes. 

These drugs help release insulin efficiently from the pancreas, but they differ from sulphonylureas in how they attach to and make the pancreas release insulin. 

Drugs in this group are Meglitinide, Repaglinide, Nateglinide. 

It is a carbohydrate (other than glucose). It delays digestion and, thus, the absorption of other carbohydrates in the intestine. Thus the sudden increase in glucose after meals is avoided. It also has a mild effect in lowering triglycerides and cholesterol. 

The drugs in this group are Acarbose and Miglitol.

It is derived from the Indian cluster bean (Guar) and is made of fibre. Inside the intestine, it comes in contact with water to form a viscous gel. If given before or with meals, it slows down glucose absorption and thus prevents the rise in blood glucose levels. It also has a minor role in lowering cholesterol levels. Its side effects are passage of excessive wind and a feeling of fullness of the abdomen. 

Insulin production is carried out by the islets of Langerhans, located in the pancreas. Injections of Insulin are used at a stage when oral drugs cannot control glucose effectively. 

There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that using carefully chosen herbal remedies and dietary supplements can help prevent diabetes and keep it under control in those who have already developed it. In addition, lifestyle changes, along with the use of herbal treatments and nutritional supplements, may help minimize the quantity of prescription medicine necessary and assist in avoiding some of the tissue and organ damage associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels.

There is much the best ayurvedic medicine. Some of them are listed below.

You can find the name and usage of Indian kino (Pterocarpus marsupium) from ancient Ayurveda literature to modern medical research books. The extract of Pterocarpus marsupium is the core component used in manufacturing all the major herbal medicines used worldwide for diabetes control. 

Vijayasar has some unique features, including the ability to maintain and renew beta cells while simultaneously lowering blood glucose levels. No pharmaceutical or natural agent has been shown to provide this effect. People who have just been diagnosed with Type I diabetes have a good chance of benefiting considerably from the ability to protect beta cells in this manner.

Three grams of bark powder.

Bitter melon is a well-liked crop grown across the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. It has been used for a very long time as a conventional remedy for diabetes in these regions. Because fresh bitter gourd juice contains several different components, many of which have been found to have anti-diabetic properties, it is quite efficient at lowering blood sugar levels.

The oral administration of 50-60 ml juice has shown good results in clinical trials. 

People who have type 2 diabetes and who take Gymnema may have an increase in the amount of insulin their pancreas produces. Gymnema improves insulin’s ability to lower blood sugar levels in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Because of this, it helps reduce your desire for sweets. 

This herb may be an excellent alternative to oral blood sugar-lowering drugs when treating type 2 diabetes. It has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels. People who have diabetes make use of the herb Gymnema Sylvestre, the name of which translates as “sugar eradicated.”

 It is done to bring the patient’s blood sugar levels down. In the past, it was recommended for stomach issues, constipation, water retention, and liver damage; however, research centers now using it for type II diabetes are using it for that condition. According to clinical research, Gymnema extract has been demonstrated to reduce high blood sugar levels, perhaps due to increased insulin synthesis.

Take 500 mg daily Gymnema extract or 2-4 gms of leaf powder daily. 

Consuming garlic and onions may result in a large reduction in the amount of sugar in the blood. It has been shown via research on both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance that onion extract may bring blood sugar levels down. When the dosage was increased, the patients could feel the effect to a higher degree for the first time. 

Both raw onion extracts and onion extracts that have been boiled provide the same effects. Vegetables that contain allium, such as onions, affect the way glucose is metabolized in the liver, encourage insulin production, and protect against insulin breakdown.

Even at very low consumption levels, there was evidence of favorable effects (e.g., 25 to 200 grams). In addition to its other health advantages, garlic and onions are good for one’s cardiovascular system, which is an added plus. They have antihypertensive properties, lower cholesterol levels, and stop the aggregation of platelets in the blood. Consequently, people with diabetes should include a substantial amount of onion and garlic in their daily meals.

In traditional Chinese medicine, Asian ginseng is often used as a treatment option for diabetes control. The total number of insulin receptors in the body and the rate at which the pancreas produces insulin has been shown to increase due to this. It affects the blood sugar level that you can measure directly.

200 mg of ginseng extract per day improved blood sugar control and energy levels in Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM). 

Stevia, a natural sweetener, has been used to treat diabetes for a long time. Even while stevia does not have any direct advantages for diabetics, it may help people with diabetes cut down on sugar consumption by reducing their tolerance to the sweet taste of sugar.

Manufacturers may sometimes replace sugar in diabetic cookery with a dried leaf powder or a leaf decoction. Mixing the herb powders is the first step in making the capsules. Take one after each meal to ensure proper digestion.

The use of medicines derived from plants that are gaining popularity as a putative cure for diabetes. These plant-based treatments are promoted to help manage blood sugar levels. Herbal diabetes treatment has been around for quite some time. Individuals with diabetes depended on plants and extracts from plants to manage their disease until the early 20th century, when humans eventually produced effective medications for treating diabetes. Before that time, people with diabetes treated their condition using plants.

You should take the claims about the effectiveness of herbal medicines with a pinch of salt. Some herbal remedies have been proven to have little effect on blood sugar, but these effects are not reliable or strong enough for the medicines to be employed in treating diabetes.

A significant amount of development has taken place in treating diabetes despite the fact that there was nothing more helpful than herbs on the market. People with the condition should maintain a close relationship with their primary care physician to make the most of the opportunities presented by this information. 

When taken in large quantities, herbal medicines have the potential to cause stomach cramping and diarrhea. Because several herbs have been linked to causing or exacerbating low blood sugar, herbal preparations should not be given to children under the age of twelve or anyone with hypoglycemia. Diabetes has been treated using remedies derived from plants as far back as ancient times.

In persons who have diabetes, maintaining control of their blood glucose levels entails bringing their levels as near to normal as they safely can while still protecting their health. Because of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and peripheral artery disease associated with the illness, diabetes treatment must also concentrate on bringing the patient’s blood pressure and cholesterol levels down to a healthier level.